TM 1-1520-265-23Change 2 1-19readily removed. Effective masking shall be used to protect those components, such as bearingsand certain nonmetallics, that may be damaged by contact with the inspection solution or medium.1.4.5 NDIGeneralSafetyPrecautions.WARNINGElectrical equipment shall not be operated in areas where combustible gases orvapors may be present, unless the equipment is explosion proof.Prior to conducting an NDI inspection, survey the general area in advance. Eliminate possiblehazards created by loose structures, protruding work stands, and support equipment. Secure looseelectric cords and remove toxic fluids or fumes. If AC power is supplied to equipment, be sure thatequipment is well grounded to prevent electrical hazards. Specific safety instructions for each NDImethod used in this manual are contained in the paragraph immediately following the discussionof that method.1.4.6 BondTesting(BT)Method.NOTEInspection of bonded structures shall be performed in accordance with the generalapplications and techniques in TM 1-1500-335-23 (Nondestructive InspectionMethods manual) and the specific requirements of this technical manual.A number of different methods of NDI can be applied to the many configurations and types of bondedstructures that are in use. Variables such as skin materials and thickness, adhesive type andthickness, underlying structure, and accessibility are all factors in the development of specificinspection procedures. Because of the many inspection methods and structural configurations,each application must be considered and reference standards representative of the structure mustbe evaluated to verify proposed techniques.1.4.6.1 Bond Testing Equipment. The bond testing equipment, Bondmaster, used in the proceduresin this manual, operates by generating a mechanical vibration into the material being tested. Thisequipment is designed to detect flaws in bonded metallic and composite structures. The instrumentis capable of determining bad bonds, delaminations, unbonds, and crushed honeycomb coredefects. The Bondmaster has the following features:a. Resonance. Detects unbonds and delaminations by changes in phase and amplitude atprobe resonance. Couplant is required.b. Pitch Catch Swept. Measures amplitude and phase changes using a swept frequencymethod to detect unbonds and deeper defects. Requires no couplant.c. Pitch Catch Impulse. Measures amplitude and phase changes using a short burst of energyto detect unbonds, Requires no couplant.d. Mechanical Impedance Analysis (MIA). Measures the effect of generated sound waves andthe effect of loading as drive frequency is swept in the range of 2.5 KHz to 10 KHz. Thismethod can be used on unbonds, crushed core, and defects on the inside of composites.Requires no couplant. See Figure 1-5, Bond Testing Reference Block Displays.
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